Integration of Farming-Livestock Systems in Sustainable Agrocomplex Development in Indonesia
Keywords:
agriculture-livestock integration, sustainable agrocomplex, resource efficiency, nutrient cycle, food security, climate change mitigation, income diversificationAbstract
Integrated farming-livestock systems offer a sustainable approach to agrocomplex development in Indonesia. This study analyzes the application of integrated systems in three different agroecosystems: wetlands in Karawang, drylands in Gunung Kidul, and plantations in Central Lampung. Research methods include direct observation, field measurements, and data analysis using Systems Dynamics Modeling, Data Envelopment Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling. The results show three main typologies of integration: rice-cattle, food crops-horticulture-goats, and oil palm-livestock systems. Integrated systems increase nitrogen use efficiency by 37-52%, reduce chemical fertilizer needs by 45%, and increase farmer income by 43.7 % compared to conventional practices. Environmentally, these systems increase soil organic matter content, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2.4-3.7 tons CO₂-eq/ha/year, and increase biodiversity. Implementation challenges include institutional fragmentation, limited post-harvest technology, and lack of standardization of organic fertilizer quality. Critical success factors include institutional support, farmers’ technical capacity, and the suitability of technology to the local context. This research contributes to the development of a sustainable agrocomplex model that is adaptive to the diverse conditions of Indonesia’s agroecosystems, with important implications for food security and climate change mitigation policies.
Downloads
References
B. M. Abdulrahim, M. S. Ismail, and A. Sopian, "Agricultural sustainability challenges in Indonesia: Climate change adaptation strategies," Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 215-230, 2023.
T. D. Setiyono and S. Himawan, "Integrated farming systems: Concept and implementation in Southeast Asia," Agricultural Systems, vol. 187, p. 103221, 2021.
S. Mulyana, R. Rachman, and D. Hartono, "Circular nutrient flow in integrated crop-livestock systems: A review of Indonesian practices," Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 145-163, 2021.
H. Supriadi and N. Wulandari, "The diversity of traditional integrated farming systems in Indonesia: A review," Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 89-104, 2022.
M. R. Putra, D. A. Santosa, and K. Hairiah, "Towards sustainable agro-complex development: A conceptual framework for Indonesia," Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 487-502, 2021.
Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, "Roadmap of SDGs Indonesia: A Highlight," Bappenas, Jakarta, 2021.
A. Sukmawati and E. Dasipah, "Challenges in implementing integrated farming systems in West Java, Indonesia," International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 418-432, 2020.
S. Susilawati, A. R. Setiawan, and P. Marpaung, "Infrastructure disparities and agricultural development in eastern Indonesia," Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 113-128, 2021.
A. Hermawan, S. Prasetyo, and R. Widiati, "Economic and environmental benefits of crop-livestock integration system in Central Java, Indonesia," Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 156-169, 2022.
B. Sutrisno and H. Wibowo, "Greenhouse gas mitigation through integrated farming system: Evidence from smallholder farmers in Indonesia," Climate and Development, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 521-534, 2021.
