Journal of Agro Complex Development Society
Journal of Agro Complex Development Society |eISSN 3062-8318 ; pISSN 3062-7990 is a scientific journal and open access that focuses on agro-complex issues, which are agricultural systems that not only include crop and livestock production, but also consider the social, economic, cultural, and environmental aspects that are related. Agrocomplex is an important concept to face global challenges such as climate change, food security, poverty, and inequality. By understanding agro-complex holistically, it is expected that strategies and policies that can improve the welfare of the people in the agro-complex areas can be found. Agrocomplex Journal is published twice a year, in June and December. It follows the publication ethics standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which include aspects such as originality, plagiarism, conflict of interest, peer review, copyright, and others. Agrocomplex Journal is committed to maintaining the quality and integrity of publication by applying a rigorous and transparent peer-review process. Agrocomplex Journal also collaborates with various institutions and organizations related to agro-complex, both at the national and international levels, to increase the dissemination and impact of research.
Linking Ecology and Physiology in Plant and Livestock Systems
Plants and livestock exist within complex ecological systems where their physiological processes are closely linked to environmental conditions. Understanding these interactions is essential for sustainable agriculture, food security, and environmental management. This paper examines the relationship between ecological factors and physiological mechanisms in plants and livestock, focusing on key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, metabolism, and reproduction. Using a literature-based review approach, this study synthesizes current scientific knowledge on plant and animal ecophysiology, highlighting how biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, water availability, soil quality, and species interactions affect biological performance. The analysis shows that environmental stressors significantly influence productivity, survival, and adaptation in both plants and livestock. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating ecological and physiological perspectives to improve agricultural resilience under climate change. The paper concludes that better understanding of ecophysiological mechanisms can support more sustainable farming systems, optimize resource use, and enhance productivity while reducing environmental degradation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Agro Complex Development Society
Farming Efficiency and Productivity in Increasing Farmers' Income
Farming is an important sector in supporting food security and rural economies. The efficiency of the use of production inputs and the level of agricultural productivity play an important role in determining farmers' income. This paper discusses the relationship between efficiency, productivity, and farmers' income with a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the study show that increasing efficiency in land use, labor, and fertilizer has a positive impact on productivity and income. Productivity-enhancing strategies, such as the adoption of agricultural technology, crop rotation, and farming diversification, have also been proven to improve farmers' welfare. This approach can be the basis for agricultural development policies that are oriented towards increasing income and sustainability of farming.
Quality Seed Production Process According to Standards
Quality seed is a fundamental input in agricultural production, directly influencing crop yield, resilience, and uniformity across farming systems. However, many seed production systems in developing regions still rely on informal practices that do not fully comply with established seed quality standards, resulting in low genetic purity, high contamination, and variable germination performance. This study develops a conceptual framework for the Quality Seed Production Process According to Standards by synthesizing principles from international seed certification schemes, national regulations, and best practices in field and post harvest management. The framework integrates four key layers genetic and varietal integrity, field production and isolation, post harvest handling and quality testing, and certification and traceability to illustrate how seed producers can systematically meet physical, physiological, and genetic quality requirements. The findings highlight that adherence to seed production standards can increase productivity, reduce the risk of seed-borne diseases, and improve farmers’ confidence in formal seed systems, while policy implications include strengthening certification institutions, promoting producer training, and developing digital traceability tools for seed lot monitoring.
Energy Efficiency in the Production Process of the Modern Food Industry
Energy efficiency in the production process of the modern food industry is an important aspect in supporting industrial sustainability and increasing product competitiveness. The food industry has high energy needs, especially in the process of heating, cooling, drying, and storage. Therefore, the application of energy-saving technologies such as production system automation, renewable energy utilization, and production system integration is a strategic solution to reduce energy consumption and operational costs. In addition, the development of digital technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT) allows for real time monitoring of energy use so that it can identify potential energy waste in the production process. The application of modern technology such as non-thermal processes and heat recovery systems has been proven to be able to increase energy efficiency without reducing the quality of food products. Energy efficiency efforts not only provide economic benefits for the industry, but also contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and supporting the development of environmentally friendly industries. Collaboration between governments, researchers, and industry players is needed to encourage more efficient and sustainable technological innovation in facing future energy demand challenges.
Marine Biota Breeding to Support Marine-Based Food Security
Marine-based food security has become a crucial strategy in addressing the growing global demand for food and increasing pressure on natural resources. Marine biota, including fish, shrimp, shellfish, and seaweed, possess significant potential as sustainable food sources. Marine biota breeding represents a strategic approach to improving genetic quality, productivity, and resilience to diseases, pests, and environmental stressors in marine ecosystems. This study aims to examine the role of marine biota breeding in supporting marine-based food security and to identify the methods and challenges associated with its implementation. The research employs a literature review approach by analyzing scientific journals, books, and research reports related to marine biota breeding, biotechnology, and marine aquaculture systems. A descriptive-analytical method is used to identify trends and developments in breeding technologies, ranging from conventional selection and hybridization to the application of modern biotechnology. The findings indicate that marine biota breeding can significantly enhance growth performance, disease resistance, and adaptability to changing marine environmental conditions. When supported by marine engineering technologies and sustainable management practices, breeding programs contribute to increased production efficiency and the long-term sustainability of marine-based food systems. Therefore, the integration of marine biota breeding, marine technology, and supportive policies is essential to strengthening marine-based food security in the future.
E-Commerce Logistics Integration for Sustainable Agricultural Value Chains Toward a Digital Green Supply System
The rapid expansion of e-commerce logistics has transformed agricultural value chains, creating new opportunities for efficiency, traceability, and sustainability. However, the integration of logistics systems with sustainable agriculture remains limited in both practice and policy. This study develops a conceptual framework called the Digital Green Supply System (DGSS) by extending the model proposed by Zhou et al. (2024) on optimal logistics strategies for green agricultural e-commerce. Using a theory-extension approach based on secondary quantitative findings and system-level interpretation, the research explores how digital logistics can serve as a catalyst for sustainable agricultural transformation. The analysis reinterprets key parameters game-theoretic model logistics service cost coefficient (k), consumer sensitivity to logistics quality (γ), and platform commission rate (ρ) to explain how cost–service trade-offs influence environmental and economic outcomes. The proposed DGSS framework comprises four interconnected layers: digital integration, green logistics, value chain optimization, and sustainability feedback. Together, these components form an adaptive ecosystem that balances profitability, carbon efficiency, and social inclusivity through data-driven coordination and real-time feedback loops. The findings highlight that e-commerce logistics integration can reduce post-harvest losses, lower emissions, and enhance market accessibility for rural producers. Policy implications include promoting green logistics subsidies, digital infrastructure investment, and open data systems to strengthen environmental accountability. Overall, the DGSS framework positions e-commerce logistics as both a strategic enabler of sustainable agriculture and a foundation for low-carbon, resilient, and inclusive agri-food systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Agro Complex Development Society
Integrating Food Technology and Chemistry for Sustainable Fortification and Functional Food Development
The growing demand for sustainable, nutritious, and health-promoting food has accelerated the integration of food chemistry and food technology in fortification and functional food development. This study presents a conceptual synthesis that explores how chemical mechanisms and technological processes can be harmonized to enhance nutrient bioavailability, product stability, and environmental sustainability. Relying on secondary data from peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, the research identifies key intersections between molecular food chemistry, process optimization, and green food engineering. The analysis reveals that food chemistry provides the molecular foundation for understanding reactions such as oxidation, Maillard transformation, and enzymatic modification, which determine nutrient retention and sensory quality. Food technology operationalizes these reactions through controlled processing techniques such as microencapsulation, fermentation, and extrusion that preserve bioactive compounds and enable targeted nutrient delivery. Furthermore, the adoption of green chemistry principles, including the use of natural antioxidants, solvent replacement, and low-energy processing, supports the environmental dimension of sustainable production. The resulting conceptual framework, termed the Chemistry Technology Sustainability Nexus, demonstrates that integrating molecular precision with technological innovation can yield fortified and functional foods that are both nutritionally effective and ecologically responsible. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of sustainable food design, emphasizing that future food systems must align chemical integrity, technological efficiency, and environmental stewardship to achieve long-term global food security.
Agribusiness Business Model Based on the Blue Economy: Synergy Between Agricultural Production and Maritime Logistics
Agribusiness plays a pivotal role in advancing economic growth, food security, and rural welfare, especially in archipelagic nations such as Indonesia where agriculture and maritime activities are geographically intertwined. Yet, fragmented supply chains, limited accessibility, and underdeveloped logistics infrastructure hinder the efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural systems. This study proposes a conceptual business model that integrates agribusiness with maritime logistics under the principles of the Blue Economy. Using a qualitative, desk-based analytical approach, it synthesizes academic literature, policy documents, and development reports to construct a framework aligning agricultural production with ocean-based distribution systems. The model is structured through an adapted Business Model Canvas emphasizing five interlinked components: (1) a value proposition centered on maritime connectivity and sustainability; (2) key integration activities between agricultural processing and sea transport coordination; (3) infrastructure and channel reconfiguration around coastal agrologistics hubs; (4) multi-actor partnerships among farmers, port authorities, and logistics providers; and (5) financial and environmental sustainability mechanisms. The findings highlight that maritime logistics can transform geographic fragmentation into an operational advantage by enabling cost-efficient, low-carbon, and inclusive supply chains. The proposed framework offers a strategic pathway for building resilient agribusiness ecosystems in island nations, supporting food security, regional equity, and sustainable development. While conceptual, the model lays groundwork for future empirical validation and pilot implementation to enhance coordination between agriculture and maritime sectors within Blue Economy-driven growth strategies.
Agro-Communicative Networks Rural Sociology Perspectives on Knowledge Sharing and Innovation Diffusion in Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable agricultural transformation depends not only on technology but also on communication, trust, and collective participation. This study develops a conceptual framework of Agro-Communicative Networks by integrating insights from rural sociology and development communication. Drawing upon secondary data from the article “Communication and Social Capital in Community-Supported Agriculture” (JAFSCD, 2022) and supporting literature from 2015–2025, the study explores how communication processes contribute to the formation of social capital and the diffusion of innovation in rural agricultural systems. The analysis reveals that communication builds social capital through three interrelated mechanisms: bonding (trust and solidarity within groups), bridging (horizontal collaboration among communities), and linking (vertical connections with institutions). These communicative relationships generate collective learning and shared decision-making, which accelerate innovation diffusion and strengthen the sustainability of agricultural practices. The proposed Agro-Communicative Network Framework conceptualizes this dynamic as a continuous cycle in which dialogue fosters trust, trust builds social capital, and social capital enhances the quality and depth of future communication. The findings suggest that agricultural innovation should be understood as a socially negotiated process rather than a unidirectional transfer of knowledge. Strengthening participatory communication through local media, farmer cooperatives, and digital platforms can enhance community resilience, inclusivity, and long-term sustainability. The study concludes that communication is not only a medium of coordination but also a strategic driver of social innovation in the rural agribusiness ecosystem.
From Field to Functional Food Integrating Microbial Innovation and Agroindustry Development for Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable agricultural development increasingly depends on innovations that bridge biological productivity at the farm level and value creation within agroindustry. This study proposes an integrated framework connecting microbial bioinnovation in crop production with functional food development, forming a “Field-to-Functional-Food” model. The research employs a conceptual synthesis based on two empirical datasets from experimental studies on microbial consortia (Fm48 and R15) applied to rice cultivation and on instant ginger drink formulations as a value-added agroindustrial product. The microbial consortium demonstrated significant improvements in rice yield components productive tillers, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight through enhanced nutrient uptake and reduced chemical input dependency. Meanwhile, the functional food study showed that the addition of 15% milk powder increased protein content and antioxidant activity in instant ginger products, improving both nutritional value and consumer acceptance. By integrating these findings, the proposed framework illustrates how upstream microbial innovation can serve as the biological foundation for downstream agroindustrial transformation. This integration promotes a circular and sustainable agrocomplex system characterized by resource efficiency, environmental responsibility, and inclusive economic participation. The conceptual model aligns with the principles of the Blue–Green Economy, emphasizing synergy between biotechnology, processing innovation, and sustainable food systems. The study concludes that linking microbial-based production and functional food processing can enhance agricultural competitiveness, strengthen rural industries, and advance the transition toward an innovative-driven and nutritionally oriented agro-economy
Transformasi Agrokompleks Menuju Ekonomi Sirkular Peluang dan Tantangan Implementasi di Indonesia
This study critically examines the transformative potential of circular economy principles within Indonesia's agrocomplex sector, an imperative shift given the agricultural sector's 13% contribution to the national GDP and employment of 29% of the workforce. Through a mixed-method approach incorporating in-depth interviews with 35 key stakeholders across five major Indonesian regions, focus group discussions, and system dynamics modeling, the research identifies significant opportunities for resource optimization where 63.7% of agricultural biomass currently remains unutilized or burned. The study uncovers five promising circular business models: Industrial-Agricultural Symbiosis, Agricultural Resource Sharing Platforms, Distributed Biorefinery, Product-as-a-Service Agriculture, and Regenerative Supply Chains, with Industrial-Agricultural Symbiosis demonstrating the highest benefit-cost ratio of 3.7 and potential carbon emission reductions of 42%. Key implementation enablers include supportive policies, access to green financing, technological capacity, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and capacity development, while primary barriers encompass value chain fragmentation, infrastructure limitations, inadequate economic incentives, resistance to change, and capacity constraints. A strategic three-phase roadmap (2025-2035) is proposed to accelerate the transition toward a circular agrocomplex in Indonesia, requiring an estimated investment of Rp156.3 trillion over a decade with potential to create 4.4 million new jobs. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating traditional agricultural wisdom with modern technology and establishing collaborative governance frameworks to ensure an equitable distribution of benefits throughout the agricultural value chain, ultimately redefining the relationship between production, consumption, and regeneration in Indonesia's food system.
Human Resource Development Strategy in Realizing Integrated and Globally Competitive Agrocomplexes
This study aims to analyze and formulate a strategy for developing human resources (HR) in realizing an integrated agrocomplex that is globally competitive. Using a mixed methods approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods, the study was conducted on 350 respondents representing various actors in the agrocomplex value chain in five agricultural center provinces in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate a gap in HR competency at various agrocomplex nodes, especially in the use of digital technology, post-harvest management, understanding international standards, and global marketing. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis confirmed the significant influence of individual characteristics (β = 0.437), institutional capacity (β = 0.385), access to technology and information (β = 0.324), and government policy support (β = 0.276) on HR competency, which in turn had a strong influence on agrocomplex competitiveness (β = 0.612). Qualitative findings revealed four main themes: generation gaps in agricultural management, limitations of the agricultural innovation support ecosystem, fragmentation of agricultural HR development programs, and the digital divide. Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), five priority strategies for human resource development were formulated, namely: (1) revitalization of agricultural vocational education and training; (2) strengthening the agricultural extension system based on digital technology; (3) development of penta-helix partnerships; (4) increasing the institutional capacity of farmers; and (5) developing incentives for young farmer cadres. This study concludes that human resource development is a fundamental prerequisite in realizing a globally competitive integrated agrocomplex, which requires a holistic approach and integration of interventions at the individual, institutional, and ecosystem levels. Policy recommendations are directed at the orchestration of cross-sectoral programs and strengthening synergies between stakeholders within the framework of agricultural transformation towards a modern agrocomplex.
The Role of Digital Technology in Optimizing the Agrocomplex Value Chain
Digital technology has transformative potential in optimizing agrocomplex value chains, but its implementation in developing countries such as Indonesia still faces various challenges. This study analyzes the role of digital technology in optimizing agrocomplex value chains with a focus on implementation in Indonesia. Through a comprehensive analysis of various cases of digital technology implementation in the agricultural sector, this study identifies significant benefits including increased productivity by up to 27.3%, reduced production costs by 18.7%, and efficient use of resources. The analysis also reveals a gap in technology adoption between large and small-scale farmers, as well as the importance of a supporting ecosystem that includes digital infrastructure, capacity development, and conducive policies. The inclusive partnership model and ecosystem-based approach have proven effective in increasing the adoption rate and benefits of digital technology. This study provides a comprehensive framework for implementing digital technology in agrocomplex value chains that considers technological, socio-economic, and environmental sustainability aspects. The implications of this study are relevant for developing policies and strategies for digital transformation in the agricultural sector in Indonesia and other developing countries.
The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Strengthening Agrocomplex Systems in Indonesia's Economic Corridors
This study analyzes the role of public-private partnerships in strengthening agrocomplex systems in Indonesia's economic corridors using a mixed-methods approach involving in-depth interviews, FGDs, surveys, and document analysis. The results show significant variation in the implementation of partnership models across economic corridors, with the multi-stakeholder consortium model showing the highest level of satisfaction among farmers. Public-private partnerships contributed to an average increase in productivity of 23.7 % and farmer income of 30.5% compared to non-partner farmers. Critical factors for partnership success include transparency in the use of funds , clarity of risk-sharing mechanisms, and the presence of a neutral facilitator. Key challenges to partnership implementation include unequal bargaining power (76.5 % ), unclear legal framework (67.8%), and limited supporting infrastructure (63.4%). The study highlights the importance of a contextual approach in partnership development, strengthening the governance dimension, and innovating financing models to enhance the positive impact of partnerships on sustainable agricultural development in Indonesia. The study findings provide important policy implications for the development of inclusive and sustainable agrocomplex systems across Indonesia's economic corridors.
Integration of Farming-Livestock Systems in Sustainable Agrocomplex Development in Indonesia
Integrated farming-livestock systems offer a sustainable approach to agrocomplex development in Indonesia. This study analyzes the application of integrated systems in three different agroecosystems: wetlands in Karawang, drylands in Gunung Kidul, and plantations in Central Lampung. Research methods include direct observation, field measurements, and data analysis using Systems Dynamics Modeling, Data Envelopment Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling. The results show three main typologies of integration: rice-cattle, food crops-horticulture-goats, and oil palm-livestock systems. Integrated systems increase nitrogen use efficiency by 37-52%, reduce chemical fertilizer needs by 45%, and increase farmer income by 43.7 % compared to conventional practices. Environmentally, these systems increase soil organic matter content, reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2.4-3.7 tons CO₂-eq/ha/year, and increase biodiversity. Implementation challenges include institutional fragmentation, limited post-harvest technology, and lack of standardization of organic fertilizer quality. Critical success factors include institutional support, farmers’ technical capacity, and the suitability of technology to the local context. This research contributes to the development of a sustainable agrocomplex model that is adaptive to the diverse conditions of Indonesia’s agroecosystems, with important implications for food security and climate change mitigation policies.
The Impact of Climate Change on the Sustainability of Tiger Prawn Cultivation in Tropical Waters
Global climate change has become a serious threat to the aquaculture sector, including tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) cultivation in tropical waters. This research aims to analyze the impact of climate change on the sustainability of tiger prawn cultivation in Indonesia. The method used is a literature study and secondary data analysis from various trusted sources. The research results show that climate change has a significant impact on aquatic environmental parameters, such as increasing water temperature, changes in salinity, and ocean acidification. This condition affects the physiology, growth, and survival rate of black tiger prawns. Increasing water temperature causes stress in shrimp, reduces growth rate, and increases disease susceptibility. Changes in salinity due to erratic rainfall and rising sea levels disrupt the shrimp's osmotic balance. Ocean acidification hurts the calcification process of shrimp shells. In addition, climate change also increases the risk of natural disasters such as floods and storms, which can damage farm infrastructure. To maintain the sustainability of tiger prawn cultivation, an adaptation strategy is needed which includes improving cultivation technology, developing shrimp strains that are resistant to environmental changes, and implementing environmentally friendly cultivation practices. Further research is needed to develop more accurate climate change impact prediction models and effective mitigation strategies for the tiger prawn cultivation industry in tropical waters.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Agro Complex Development Society
Integration of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries in Creating a Balanced and Productive Agroecosystem
Integrating agriculture, livestock, and fisheries is a holistic approach to natural resource management that aims to create a balanced and productive agroecosystem. This research examines the potential and challenges in integrating these three sectors, as well as their impact on environmental sustainability and economic productivity. The method used is a comprehensive literature study and analysis of secondary data from various integration projects in Indonesia. The research results show that integration of the three sectors can increase the efficiency of land, water, and nutrient use, as well as reduce waste through a closed nutrient cycle. The integrated system can also increase land productivity by up to 40% compared to conventional monoculture systems. In addition, product diversification resulting from an integrated system can increase food security and farmer income. However, implementing this system faces challenges in the form of farmers' lack of technical knowledge, limited capital, and policy obstacles. To overcome these challenges, the government needs an active role in providing technical support, access to financing, and policies that support sector integration. In conclusion, the integration of agriculture, livestock, and fisheries has great potential in realizing a balanced and productive, agroecosystem, but requires a comprehensive approach and support from various stakeholders for successful implementation.
Integrated Approaches in Complex Agro: A Comprehensive Review of Agricultural, Livestock and Fisheries Research
An integrated approach in the agro complex integrates the agriculture, livestock, and fisheries sectors to create a more efficient and sustainable food production system. This article presents a comprehensive review of current research in these three sectors, focusing on integration and synergies between sectors. The methodology includes systematic analysis of scientific literature, case studies, and empirical data from various regions. Research in the agricultural sector shows increased productivity through precision technology and agroecological practices. Crop-livestock integration increases land and resource use efficiency. The livestock sector focuses on environmentally friendly production systems and animal welfare, with innovations in nutrition and health management. The fisheries sector is facing the challenge of managing aquatic resources, with research into sustainable aquaculture and selective fishing techniques. An integrated approach facilitates the exchange of nutrients and energy between sectors, reduces waste, and increases resource efficiency. However, its implementation faces challenges such as management complexity and high investment requirements. Further research is needed to optimize integration, develop viable business models, and evaluate long-term impacts. In conclusion, an integrated approach in agro-complexes offers potential solutions to increase the resilience and sustainability of the global food system. Cross-disciplinary collaboration and policy support are needed to accelerate the adoption and development of this approach at multiple scales.
Green Collaboration: Agriculture and Fisheries Cultivation in Realizing Food Security
Food security is an increasingly important global issue amidst population growth and climate change. This article examines the potential for collaboration between the agricultural and aquaculture sectors in realizing sustainable food security. This "Green Collaboration" approach aims to optimize resource use, increase productivity, and minimize environmental impact. Research methods include comprehensive literature studies and case study analyses from various countries that have implemented integrated agriculture-fisheries systems. The research results show that integration of these two sectors can increase the efficiency of land and water use, improve the nutrient cycle, and increase farmer income. Aquaponic systems, for example, combine fish farming with hydroponics, producing animal protein and vegetables simultaneously with more efficient use of water. Apart from that, the use of agricultural waste as fish feed and the use of fishery waste as organic fertilizer creates a more sustainable production cycle. Challenges in implementing this collaboration include the need for appropriate technology, training for farmers and cultivators, and supporting policies. In conclusion, the "Green Collaboration" between agriculture and aquaculture has significant potential to improve food security, production efficiency, and environmental sustainability.
Economic Impacts of Technological Interventions in Agro Complex: A Review of Agricultural, Livestock, and Aquaculture Research
Technological interventions in the agro-complex sector have experienced rapid development in recent decades, bringing about significant changes in agricultural, livestock, and fisheries practices. This research aims to examine the economic impact of the implementation of modern technology in these three subsectors. Through a systematic review of current scientific literature, this study analyzes various economic aspects affected by technology adoption, including productivity, cost efficiency, product quality, and market competitiveness. Research results show that the use of technologies such as precision farming, automation in animal husbandry, and smart aquaculture have resulted in significant improvements in productivity and efficiency. However, the economic impact varies depending on the scale of operations, the type of technology adopted, and the local socio-economic context. In the agricultural sector, technologies such as soil sensors and drones for crop monitoring have increased crop yields by up to 20% and reduced input use by up to 15%. In animal husbandry, IoT-based livestock health monitoring systems have reduced animal mortality rates by 30% and increased milk production by up to 10%. Meanwhile, in the fisheries sector, the use of automatic feeding technology and real-time water quality monitoring has increased fish survival rates by up to 25% and accelerated production cycles. However, the study also identified economic challenges in technology adoption, including high initial investment costs, the need for new technical skills, and potential dependence on technology suppliers. The research concludes that although technological interventions offer great potential for economic growth in agro-complexes, a careful and tailored approach to the local context is needed to maximize economic benefits while minimizing risks and inequalities.
Eco-friendly environmental management in integrated and sustainable agricultural systems
Integrated and sustainable agriculture is an agricultural system combining various components such as crops, livestock, fish and natural resources to increase efficiency, productivity, farmer welfare and environmental quality. A critical aspect of this agricultural system is environmentally friendly environmental management, which prevents or reduces adverse environmental effects of agricultural activities, such as soil erosion, water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss. This article discusses several ecological environmental management strategies in integrated and sustainable agricultural systems, such as organic fertilizer use, crop rotation, agroforestry, water-saving irrigation, integrated pest management and land restoration. The article also highlights some challenges and recommendations for implementing these strategies in Indonesia.
Volatility and water efficiency of food crops in arid regions
Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface of plants, especially leaves. Transpiration is essential in transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the top of the plant and cooling the plant. However, evaporation also causes water loss, limiting plant growth and production in dry areas. Therefore, water efficiency, or the relationship between crops and water consumption, becomes one of the most critical indicators to increase the productivity of crops in dry areas. This article discusses the factors that affect evapotranspiration and water efficiency of food crops, as well as strategies to reduce evapotranspiration and improve water efficiency in arid regions. Some strategies discussed include selecting drought-tolerant varieties, spacing and planting methods, weed control and mulching, and inadequate irrigation. This document should provide information and inspiration to scientists, farmers and decision-makers facing the growing challenge of drought caused by climate change.
Using biotechnology and genetic engineering to improve the quality and sustainability of plants and livestock
Plants and livestock are essential sources of food for humans. However, crop and livestock productivity and health are often compromised by various factors such as pests, disease, drought, salinity, temperature extremes and pollution. Effective and sustainable breeding and conservation measures are needed to solve this problem. One option that can be used is biotechnology and genetic engineering. Biotechnology and genetic engineering are sciences that allow the genetic material of plants and livestock to be manipulated to obtain desired characteristics. This article discusses several examples of biotechnology and genetic engineering to improve quality and resistance in plants and livestock, such as transgenes, cloning, CRISPR-Cas9, gene editing and DNA synthesis. This article also discusses ethical, social, economic and environmental challenges and implications related to the application of biotechnology and genetic engineering in agriculture.
Use of organic fertilizers and microbial phosphate solubilizers to improve maize plant quality
Maize plants are one of Indonesia's most important food crops, which require nutrients containing sufficient phosphorus (P) for growth. However, soil P availability could be higher due to physical, chemical and biological factors. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of organic fertilizers and phosphate solubilizing agents (MPF) on maize plant quality. This study used a randomized group design with four treatments: no organic fertilizer and MPF (comparison), organic fertilizer only, MPF only and organic fertilizer and MPF. The results showed that treatment with organic fertilizers and MPF positively affected maize plant quality, such as plant height, stalk diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot wet and dry weight, root wet and dry weight, and P. content in plants. This indicates that applying organic fertilizers and MPF can increase soil P availability and P uptake by maize plants. Thus, using organic fertilizers and MPF can be an environmentally friendly and economical alternative to improve the quality of corn plants.
Feeding and Vaccination techniques to improve the health and production of Beef Cattle
Beef cattle are one of the important sources of animal protein for the people of Indonesia. However, beef cattle productivity is still low compared to other countries. One factor affecting beef cattle's health and production is feeding and vaccination techniques. This article discusses feeding and vaccination techniques that can improve the health and production of beef cattle. These techniques include the selection of feed type, frequency of feeding, quantity of feed, feed quality, mineral supplements, routine vaccination, and disease management. Applying these techniques is expected to improve cattle growth, reproduction, health and quality.